刚性航天器的预定义时间滑模控制

针对刚性航天器在姿态跟踪控制中存在的系统不确定及外界干扰等问题,提出了一种预定义时间滑模控制器(PTSMC).首先,给出了以四元数为姿态参数的航天器姿态跟踪控制系统,利用误差四元数和误差角速度设计了预定义时间滑模面.然后,考虑了航天器系统的不确定性和外界干扰设计了一种非保守上界的PTSMC,并通过边界层技术降低了系统抖动.最后,通过设计Lyapunov函数,证明了所提出的控制器的预定义时间稳定性和系统收敛时间上界的非保守性.仿真结果表明,刚性航天器的姿态跟踪误差精度可达1.5×10-6 rad,角速度跟踪误差精度可达2×10-6 rad/s.与现有的预定义时间控制器相比,所提出的控制器的稳定时间上限是更加非保守的,与传统PD控制和非奇异终端滑模控制相比,所提出的控制器具有更高的跟踪精度和鲁棒性.通过3自由度气浮平台的姿态跟踪实验进一步说明了控制方案的有效性,其中角度跟踪误差小于0.1 rad,位置跟踪误差小于0.2 m.     

聚合物对旋流器内油滴聚结与分离效率的影响

为了研究聚合物对水力旋流器内油滴聚结与分离效率的影响规律,以螺旋导流内锥式旋流器为研究对象,利用群体平衡模型(PBM)方法对不合聚与含聚0.5‰工况下油水两相在旋流器内的速度场、黏度场、油滴聚结、运移特性及分离效率进行数值分析,并通过实验验证.结果 表明:聚合物的加入增大了水相黏度,使油滴在旋流器内最大停留时间与轴向运动距离增加,增加了油滴碰撞聚结的机会,但降低轴心处油滴向上运动的轴向速度,使油滴无法快速从溢流口流出,最终从底流口流出,增加油水分离的难度.与不合聚时相比,含聚0.5‰工况下,轴心处的油滴粒径与含油体积分数较高,但简化分离效率由99.79％降低至94.72％.通过马尔文粒度仪对两种工况下入口与出口的油滴粒径进行测试,含聚0.5‰时溢流与底流口油滴粒径高于不合聚时,验证了模拟的准确性.     

软化+微滤膜工艺处理填埋场渗滤液的中试研究

以阜阳市某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,针对渗滤液高硬度、低碱度的特点,考查软化+微滤膜中试工艺对填埋场总硬度的处理效能,分析微滤膜运行参数对膜通量和产水流量的影响.中试结果表明:软化+微滤膜工艺可有效去除水源中钙镁离子污染问题,控制软化装置的反应池pH在11.5,总硬度(以CaCO3计)的去除率在94％以上,出水总硬度(以CaCO3计)稳定<100 mg/L.软化微滤工艺对渗滤液中COD的平均去除率为16.2％.单支微滤膜正常运行,反洗频率30 min时,可将膜通量恢复至初始通量的90％以上.由中试可知,微滤膜具有良好的抗污染性能,在进膜污泥浓度为4.97 g/L及以上时,初始膜通量仍能保持较高值.     

镍基高温合金GH202高温氧化后的微观组织演变

研究了镍基高温合金GH202在800~1100 ℃高温氧化后晶粒、碳化物和强化相的演变过程。采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射对其微观结构进行了表征。结果表明：镍基高温合金的硬度随氧化温度的升高而降低，1100 ℃氧化100 h后，硬度降低了43.5%。800和900 ℃氧化后晶粒生长速度较慢，而经900 ℃氧化后晶界碳化物析出显著增加。在1000和1100 ℃氧化后，晶粒尺寸明显增大。氧化过程中晶界迁移是由晶界两侧自由能差决定，温度越高，晶界向曲率中心迁移越快，大量细小晶粒被吞并形成了大晶粒。大块状碳化物（MC）分解成大量的碳原子，与Cr原子结合形成少量的富Cr颗粒状M₂₃C₆。在900 ℃氧化150 h后，M₂₃C₆演化为富Ti的M₆C。随着氧化温度的升高，碳化物在γ相中回熔。在800、900和1000 ℃氧化后，γ′相逐渐长大，在1100 ℃氧化100 h后，完全溶解于γ相。     

Flash joining of alumina ceramics under a small current density

The ceramic joining using electric field (E-field) has garnered significant research attention due to the decreased joining barrier and enhanced reliability. However, the underlying mechanism of E-field assisted joining remains unclear. Herein, we report the rapid joining of alumina ceramics using a small current. Moreover, the E-field is applied in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the faying surfaces, demonstrating a significant difference in terms of joint strength. These results indicate that the E-field generates defects and promotes the joining process by facilitating ionic diffusion.     

Simulations of NBI fast ion loss in the presence of toroidal field ripple on EAST

NBI fast ion losses in the presence of the toroidal field ripple on EAST have been investigated by using the orbit code GYCAVA and the NBI code TGCO. The ripple effect was included in the upgraded version of the GYCAVA code. It is found that loss regions of NBI fast ions are mainly on the low field side near the edge in the presence of ripple. For co-current NBIs, the synergy effect of ripple and Coulomb collision on fast ion losses is dominant, and fast trapped ions located on the low field side are easily lost. The ripple well loss and the ripple stochastic loss of fast ions have been identified from the heat loads of co-current NBI fast ions. The ripple stochastic loss and the collisioninduced loss are much larger than the ripple well loss. Heat loads of lost fast ions are mainly localized on the right side of the radio frequency wave antennas from the inside view toward the first wall. For counter-current NBIs, the first orbit loss due to the magnetic drift is the dominant loss channel. In addition, fast ion loss fraction with ripple and collision for each NBI linearly increases with the effective charge number, which is related to the pitch angle scattering effect.